Writing A Bibliography (Harvard System)

Books
Encyclopedia
Magazines
Newspapers
Internet
CD-ROMS, DVD And Video
E-mail
Interviews

Presenting A Bibliography

What is a bibliography?

A bibliography is an alphabetical list of the sources - books, magazines, newspapers, CD-ROMs, Internet, interviews, etc. - that we have used to prepare a piece of work.

Why do we write bibliographies?

To acknowledge our sources.
To give our readers information to identify and consult our sources.
To make sure our information is accurate.

What if we don't include a bibliography?

We may be accused of plagiarism (that is, stealing another person's ideas or writing).
If so, we may lose some or all of the marks for an assignment or a course.

Bibliographic Entries

Books

Name of author/s (surname, first names)
year of publication,
Title,
publisher,
place of publication.

McLarty, Ron 2005, The memory of running,
Time Warner, London.

Butler, M., Hopkins, D. & Willis, J. 2001, Physics 2,
Macmillan Education Australia, South Yarra.

The art book 1994, Phaidon Press, London.

Murrell, J.N., Kettle, S.F.A. & Tedder, J.M. 1965,
Valence Theory, Wiley, London.

Healey, Justin (ed.) 2005, Wealth and inequality,
Issues in Society, volume 226, The Spinney
Press, Thirroul, N.S.W.

Encyclopedia Article

'Title of article',
Title
year of publication,
edition,
publisher,
place of publication.
vol. no.,
page no/s.

'War of 1812', The World Book Encyclopedia
2006, 2006 edn, World Book, Chicago,
vol. 21, pp. 28-33.

Magazine Articles

Name of author/s
year of publication,
'Title of article',
Magazine name,
Month/volume/issue number,
page no/s.

Low, Tim 2006, 'Sweet country', Australian Geographic,
January-March, p. 68.

Nolch, Guy 2006, '21st century food', Australasian
Science, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 14-19.

Newspaper Articles

Name of author/s
year of publication,
'Title of article',
Newspaper name,
Day and month,
page no/s.

Kerbaj, Richard 2006, 'Brother of terror suspect
speaks', The Australian, 9 February, p. 4.

Shermer, Michael 2006, 'As luck would have it',
     Scientific American, vol. 294 Apr2006 Issue4,
     p. 35, viewed 24 March 2006, retrieved from
     EbscoHost research database.

Internet

Name of author/s
Title of article or text used
year of publication,
Title of webpage,
date accessed,
URL

Klein Lied to the National Press Club, Monday December 8, 2008, Save Our Schools, December 18 2008,

http://soscanberra.com/national-issues/klein-lied-to-the-national-press-club

Melba Copland Secondary School, viewed 7 February
2009, http://www.mcss.act.edu.au

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CD-ROMS, DVDS And Videos

Name of author/editor
year of publication,
Title
edition,
CD-ROM/DVD/video recording
publisher,
place of publication.

Nelson physics: VCE units 3 and 4 2005, 3rd edn.
CD-ROM, Nelson Australia, South Melbourne.

Changing Australia: the union story 2005, CD-ROM, n.pub., n.p.

Yolngu boy 2000, video recording, Australian
Children's Television Foundation, Fitzroy, Vic.

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E-mail

Name of sender/s (sender's email address)
year of posting,
Subject of email,
Day and month of posting,
Email to: recipient's name (email address).

Dix, Dorothy (ddix@unitc.com.au) 2005, Cheats 24 March.
Email to: Elizabeth Gilmore (egilmore@aol.com.au).

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Interviews

Name of interviewee
year of interview,
position of interviewee (if relevant).
Subject/title of interview,
interviewed by ...,
transcript of interview,
date of interview.

Voucher, Tessa 2002, Former prisoner at Goulburn Jail,
Life in prison, interviewed by Jo Smith, transcript of
interview, 21 February.

Points To Remember

Be in the habit of writing down the bibliographic details as soon as you decide that a resource will be useful.
Where no author is known enter the work in your reference section under the title with the year following.
If there are 3 or more authors, their names should be cited in the order in which they appear on the title page.
For clarity indent the second line of a reference in order to make the author's name or title clear. Make the indenting consistent throughout.
If the publisher and the place of publication are not known use n.pub., n.p.
In general, references are listed in alphabetical order.
Email addresses should never be cited without the permission of the owner of the address.
Be consistent and refer to the Style Manual, 6th edn. for extra help.
When in doubt ask for help from your Teacher Librarians.

Presenting A Bibliography

The art book 1994, Phaidon Press, London.

Butler, M., Hopkins, D. & Willis, J. 2001, Physics 2,
Macmillan Education Australia, South Yarra.

Nolch, Guy 2006, '21st century food', Australasian
Science, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 14-19.

Voucher, Tessa 2002, Former prisoner at Goulburn Jail,
Life in prison, interviewed by Jo Smith, transcript of
interview, 21 February.

Yolngu boy 2000, video recording, Australian
Children's Television Foundation, Fitzroy, Vic.

Annotating A Bibliography

To annotate a bibliography add a brief (usually about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph to each item in your bibliography. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the items referenced.

Here is an example:

Armstrong, T. 1994, Multiple intelligences in the classroom,
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development,
Alexandria, VA.

Armstrong describes each of seven intelligences identified
by Howard Gardner. He offers an informal checklist for
identifying personal strengths in the intelligences and
suggests classroom applications. This book is a valuable
tool for teachers at any level, with concrete suggestions
for classroom applications.

This a helpful web address for more infromation on writing bibliographies:

http://www.pineriversshs.eq.edu.au/pages/curriculum/resource_centre/bibliography.htm

The following document will also give you information on how to write footnotes.

Footnotes (26 kb)